13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical subst 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4130-15 微咸水、海水和盐水中硫酸盐离子的试验方法

5.1 The determination of sulfate and other dissolved constituents is important in identifying the source of brines produced during the drilling and production phases of crude oil or natural gas. 1.1 This test method covers the turbidimetric determination of sulfate ion in brackish water, seawater, and brines. It has been used successfully with synthetic brine grade waters; however, it is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method to other matrices. 1.2 This test method is applicable to waters having an ionic strength greater than 0.65 mol/L and a sulfate ion concentration greater than 25 mg/L. A concentration less than 25 mg/L sulfate can be determined by using a standard addition method. 1.3 For brines having an ionic strength of less than 0.65 mol/L, refer to Test Methods D516. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

ASTM D7237-15 使用气体扩散分离和安培检测的流动注射分析法（FIA）测定游离氰化物和水生游离氰化物的标准试验方法

5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.4 5.2 It is useful to determine the aquatic free cyanide to establish an index of toxicity when a wastewater is introduced into the natural environment at a given pH and temperature. 5.3 This test method is applicable for natural water, saline waters, and wastewater effluent. 5.4 Free cyanide measured using this test method is applicable for implementation of the International Cyanide Code Guidance in accordance with Guide D7728. 1.1 This test method is used to establish the concentration of free cyanide in an aqueous wastewater, effluent and in-stream free cyanide concentrations after mixing treated water with receiving water. The test conditions of this test method are used to measure free cyanide (HCN and CN-) and cyanide bound in the metal-cyanide complexes that are easily dissociated into free cyanide ions at the pH of 6. Free cyanide is determined at pH 6 at room temperature. The aquatic free cyanide can be determined by matching the pH to the water in the receiving environment in the range of pH 6 to 8. The extent of HCN formation is less dependent on temperature than the pH; however, the temperature can be regulated if deemed necessary for aquatic free cyanide to further simulate the actual aquatic environment. 1.2 The free cyanide test method is based on the same instrumentation and technology that is described in Test Method D6888, but employs milder conditions (pH 6-8 buffer versus HCl or H2SO4 in the reagent stream), and does not utilize ligand displacement reagents. 1.3 The aquatic free cyanide measured by this procedure should be similar to actual levels of HCN in the original aquatic environment. This in turn may give a reliable index of toxicity to aquatic organisms. 1.4 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 5to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) free cyanide. Sample dilution may increase cyanide recoveries depending on the cyanide speciation; therefore, it is not recommended to dilute samples. Higher concentrations can be analyzed by increasing the range of calibration standards or with a lower injection volume. In accordance with Guide E1763E1763 and Practice D6512 the lower scope limit was determined to be 9 μg/L for chlorinated gold leaching barren effluent water and the IQE10 % is 12 µg/L in the gold processing detoxified reverse osmosis permeate waste water sample matrix. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Test Method for Free Cyanide and Aquatic Free Cyanide with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection

ASTM D7645-14 使用液相色谱法/串联质谱法测定水中涕灭威, 涕灭威砜, 涕灭威亚砜, 克百威, 灭多威, 杀线威和久效威的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method has been developed by U.S. EPA Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL). 5.2 The N-methyl carbamate (NMC) pesticides: aldicarb, carbofuran, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox have been identified by EPA as working through a common mechanism. These affect the nervous system by reducing the ability of enzymes. Enzyme inhibition was the primary toxicological effect of regulatory concern to EPA in assessing the NMC’s food, drinking water, and residential risks. In most of the country, NMC residues in drinking water sources are at levels that are not likely to contribute substantially to the multi-pathway cumulative exposure. Shallow private wells extending through highly permeable soils into shallow, acidic ground water represent what the EPA believes to be the most vulnerable drinking water. Aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide are breakdown products of aldicarb and should also be monitored due to their toxicological effects.4 5.3 This test method has been investigated for use with reagent, surface, and drinking water for the selected carbamates: aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, carbofuran, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox. 1.1 This procedure covers the determination of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, carbofuran, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox (referred to collectively as carbamates in this test method) in water by direct injection using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. 1.2 The Detection Verification Level (DVL) and Reporting Range for the carbamates are listed in Table 1. 1.2.1 The DVL is required to be at a concentration at least 3 times below the Reporting Limit (RL) and have a signal/noise ratio greater than 3:1. Fig. 1 displays the signal/noise ratios of the primary single reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions, and Fig. 2 displays the confirmatory SRM transitions at the DVLs for the carbamates. 1.2.2 The reporting limit is the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 2 for the carbamates. 1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Aldicarb, Aldicarb Sulfone, Aldicarb Sulfoxide, Carbofuran, Methomyl, Oxamyl, and Thiofanox in Water by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry 40;LC/MS/MS41;

ASTM D5256-14 溶解水成沉淀用动态溶剂系统的相关功效的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is useful because the choice of a solvent system for removing water-formed deposits depends upon the ability of the dynamic solvent system to dissolve both unattached and attached deposits. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative efficacy of dynamic solvent systems for dissolving water-formed deposits that have been removed from the underlying material or deposits attached to the underlying material. 1.2 The nature of this test method is such that statements of precision and bias as determined by round robin tests could mislead users of this test method (see Sections 11 and 12). Therefore, no precision and bias statements are made. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Relative Efficacy of Dynamic Solvent Systems for Dissolving Water-Formed Deposits

ASTM D7903-14 测定除氧离子交换柱能力的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice can be used to evaluate unused oxygen removal ion exchange cartridges for conformance to specifications. 5.2 This practice provides for the calculation of capacity in terms of the volume of water treated to an end point level of dissolved oxygen. 5.3 The practice as written assumes that the oxygen removal ion exchange resins in the cartridge are either partially or fully regenerated. Regeneration of the resins is not part of this practice. 5.4 This practice provides for the calculation of capacity on a cartridge basis. 5.5 This practice may be used to test different size oxygen removal resin cartridges. The flow rate of test water and the frequency of sampling are varied to compensate for the approximate volume of resin in the test cartridge. 1.1 This practice covers the determination of the performance of oxygen removal ion exchange resin cartridges in the regenerated form when used for removing dissolved oxygen from water. The test can be used to determine the initial capacity of unused cartridges or the remaining capacity of used cartridges. In this case, performance is defined as oxygen removal capacity (or throughput) to a defined endpoint. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Determining the Capacity of Oxygen Removal Ion Exchange Cartridges

ASTM D1253-14 水中残余氯的标准试验方法

5.1 Chlorine is used to destroy or deactivate a variety of unwanted chemicals and microorganisms in water and wastewater. 5.2 An uncontrolled excess of chlorine in water, whether free available or combined, can adversely affect the subsequent use of the water. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual chlorine in water by direct amperometric titration. 1.2 Within the constraints specified in Section 6, this test method is not subject to commonly encountered interferences and is applicable to most waters. Some waters, however, can exert an iodine demand, usually because of organic material, making less iodine available for measurement by this test method. Thus, it is possible to obtain falsely low chlorine readings, even though the test method is working properly, without the user's knowledge. 1.3 Precision data for this test method were obtained on estuary, inland main stem river, fresh lake, open ocean, and fresh cooling tower blowdown water. Bias data could not be determined because of the instability of solutions of chlorine in water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for untested types of water. 1.4 In the testing by which this standard was validated, the direct and back starch-iodide titrations and the amperometric back titration, formerly part of this standard, were found to be unworkable and were discontinued in 1986. Historical information is presented in Appendix X1. Note 1—Orthotolidine test methods have been omitted because of poor precision and accuracy. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water

ASTM D7781-14 采用硝酸还原酶的水中硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method replaces Test Methods D1254 (Nitrite) and D992 (Nitrate). The nitrite test method (Test Method D1254) used a reagent that is considered to be a potential carcinogen. The nitrate test method (Test Method D992) has been shown to have relatively large errors when used in wastewaters and also has greater manipulative difficulties than the test method described herein. 5.2 This test method can be used in place of Test Methods D3867 (Nitrite-Nitrate). Test Methods D3867 uses cadmium for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Cadmium is considered a toxic metal. Also, the heterogeneous cadmium reductant creates greater difficulty than the reduction described in this test method. 1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of nitrate plus nitrite (as nitrogen) in drinking water, surface, saline, wastewater, and ground waters. The applicable range of this test method is from 0.05 to 5 mg/L of nitrogen. The range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot. The 40 CFR Part 136 Method Detection Limit (MDL) is 0.02 mg /L. 1.2 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. The quality control criteria in Section 17 for method blanks, laboratory control samples, matrix spikes and matrix duplicates must be met. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water by Nitrate Reductase

ASTM D1429-13 水和盐水比重的标准试验方法

4.1 Specific gravity is an important property of fluids being related to density and viscosity. Knowing the specific gravity will allow determination of a fluid's characteristics compared to a standard, usually water, at a specified temperature. This will allow the user to determine if the test fluid will be heavier or lighter than the standard fluid. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the specific gravity of water and brine free of separable oil, as follows:   Sections Test Method A—Pycnometer  7 to 11, 21 Test Method B—Balance 12 to 16, 21 Test Method C—Erlenmeyer Flask 17 to 21 Test Method D—Hydrometer 22 to 27 1.2 Test Methods A and B are applicable to clear waters or those containing only a moderate amount of particulate matter. Test Method B is preferred for samples of sea water or brines and is more sensitive than Test Method D which has the same general application. Test Method C is intended for samples of water containing mud or sludge. 1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.4 The test method was tested at 22°C over a range, shown in Tables 1-4, of 1.0252 through ......

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine

ASTM D5463-13 水中无机成分测量用试验盒使用的标准指南

5.1 Inorganic constituents in water and wastewater must be identified and measured to support effective water quality monitoring and control programs. Currently, one of the simplest, most practical and cost effective means of accomplishing this is through the use of chemical test kits and refills. A more detailed discussion is presented in ASTM STP 1102.5 5.2 Test kits have been accepted for many applications, including routine monitoring, compliance reporting, rapid screening, trouble investigation, and tracking contaminant source. 5.3 Test kits offer time-saving advantages to the user. They are particularly appropriate for field use and usually are easy to use. Users do not need to have a high level of technical expertise. Relatively unskilled staff can be trained to make accurate determinations using kits that include a premixed liquid reagent, premeasured reagent (tablets, powders, or glass ampoules), and premeasured sample (evacuated glass ampoules). 1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the use of test kits for quantitative determination of analytes in water and wastewater. Test kits are available from various manufacturers for the determination of a wide variety of analytes in drinking water, surface or ground waters, domestic and industrial feedwaters and wastes, and water used in power generation and steam raising. See Table 1 for a listing of some of the types of kits that are available for various inorganic analytes in water.2TABLE 1 Availability and Types of Test Kits Analyte Kit Methodology8201;A Acidity T Alkalinity C, P, T Aluminum C, P Ammonia C, P Boron C, P Bromine

Standard Guide for Use of Test Kits to Measure Inorganic Constituents in Water

ASTM D7284-13 利用气体扩散分离和安培检测法对微蒸馏后水样中总氰化物的流量注入分析的标准试验方法

5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.3 5.2 This test method is applicable for natural waters, industrial wastewaters and effluents. 1.1 This test method is used to determine the concentration of total cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or effluent. The method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN and CN-) and strong-metal-cyanide complexes that dissociate and release free cyanide when refluxed under strongly acidic conditions. 1.2 This method may not be applicable to process solutions from precious metals mining operations. 1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 2 to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) total cyanide. Higher concentrations can be measured with sample dilution or lower injection volume. 1.4 The determinative step of this method utilizes flow injection with amperometric detection based on Test Method D6888. Prior to analysis, samples must be distilled with a micro-distillation apparatus described in this test method or with a suitable cyanide distillation apparatus specified in Test Methods D2036. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection

ASTM D2791-13 水中钠在线测定的标准试验方法

4.1 Sodium is a pervasive contaminant and it is the first cation to break through deionization equipment. This test method allows measurement of micrograms per litre (parts per billion) concentrations of sodium in water to monitor low-sodium water sources for indications of contamination or proper operation. Applications include monitoring makeup systems, condensers, condensate polishers, feedwater, boilerwater, and steam. 4.2 This test method is more sensitive and selective than conductivity measurements on high purity samples. 1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of trace amounts of sodium in water using an ion-selective electrode. 1.2 This test method is based on on-line application of the sodium ion electrode as reported in the technical literature (1-3).2 It is generally applicable over the range of 0.01 to 108201;000 μg/L. 1.3 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative data for precision and bias statements as required by Practice D2777 are not provided. See Section 16 for details. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for On-line Determination of Sodium in Water

ASTM D2777-13 D19水委员会对水适用试验方法的精确性及偏差测定的标准操作规程

5.1 Following this practice should result in precision-and-bias statements that can be achieved by any laboratory properly using the test method studied. These precision-and-bias statements provide the basis for generic limits for use in the Quality Control section of the test method. Optionally, the detection and quantitation values provide estimates of the level at which most laboratories should be able to achieve confident detection and meet the minimum precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) expected. 5.2 The method specifies the matrices for which the test method is appropriate. The collaborative test corroborates the write-up within the limitations of the test design. An extensive test can only use representative matrices so that universal applicability cannot be implied from the results. 5.3 The fundamental assumption of the collaborative study is that the matrices tested, the concentrations tested, and the participating laboratories are a representative and fair evaluation of the scope and applicability of the test method as written. 1.1 This practice establishes uniform standards for estimating and expressing the precision and bias of applicable test methods for Committee D19 on Water. Statements of precision and bias in test methods are required by the Form and Style for ASTM Standards, “Section A21. Precision and Bias (Mandatory).” In principle, all test methods are covered by this practice. 1.2 Except as specified in 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6, this practice requires the task group proposing a new test method to carry out a collaborative study from which statements for precision (overall and single-operator standard-deviation estimates) and bias can be developed. This practice provides general guidance to task groups in planning and conducting such determinations of precision and bias. 1.3 This practice also provides guidance to task groups for conducting limited-scale collaborative studies (known as “comparability studies”) for test methods that have been revised, when such revision includes substantive modifications. Examples of substantive modifications may include, but are not limited to, changes in mandatory or allowable instrumentation, reagents, reaction times, etc. 1.3.1 Changes to applicable water matrices in the Scope of a method may constitute a substantive modification under this provision. However, recognize that even the original collaborative study may not have used all the various matrix types specified in the method’s original Scope. 1.3.2 A method's concentration-range extension that is deemed to merit additional collaborative testing (even without a method modification that would otherwise be considered substantive) shall require a full collaborative study, as described in Sections 7.1-7.5, but only at Youden-pair concentrations representative of the extended range. Note that such a collaborative study could involve as little as a......

Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water

ASTM D5462-13 在线测量水中低水平溶解氧的标准试验方法

5.1 DO may be either a corrosive or passivating agent in boiler/steam cycles and is therefore controlled to specific concentrations that are low relative to environmental and wastewater treatment samples. Out-of-specification DO concentrations may cause corrosion in boiler systems, which leads to corrosion fatigue and corrosion products—all detrimental to the life and efficient operation of a steam generator. The efficiency of DO removal from boiler feedwater by mechanical or chemical means, or both, may be monitored by continuously measuring the DO concentration before and after the removal process with on-line instrumentation. DO measurement is also a check for air leakage into the boiler water cycle. 5.2 Guidelines for feedwater to high-pressure boilers with all volatile treatment generally require a feedwater DO concentration below 5 μg/L (3). 5.3 Boiler feedwater with oxygenated treatment is maintained in a range of 50 to 300 μg/L DO (4). 5.4 In microelectronics production, DO can be detrimental in some manufacturing processes, for example, causing undesirable oxidation on silicon wafers. 1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water samples primarily in ranges from 0 to 500 μg/L (ppb), although higher ranges may be used for calibration. On-line instrumentation is used for continuous measurements of DO in samples that are brought through sample lines and conditioned from high-temperature and high-pressure sources when necessary. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.5.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Low-Level Dissolved Oxygen in Water

ASTM D888-12 水中溶解氧的标准试验方法

Dissolved oxygen is required for the survival and growth of many aquatic organisms, including fish. The concentration of dissolved oxygen may also be associated with corrosivity and photosynthetic activity. The absence of oxygen may permit anaerobic decay of organic matter and the production of toxic and undesirable esthetic materials in the water.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved oxygen in water. Three test methods are given as follows: Range, mg/LSections Test Method ATitrimetric Procedure– High Level>1.0 8 to 15 Test Method BInstrumental Probe Procedure Electrochemical0.05 to 2016 to 25 Test Method CInstrumental Probe Procedure Luminescence-Based Sensor0.05 to 2026 to 29 1.2 The precision of Test Methods A and B was carried out using a saturated sample of reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 17.

Standard Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water

ASTM D4309-12 测定水中总金属用密闭容器微波加热技术消解样品的标准实施规程

The analysis of many types of water for metals using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometry, direct current plasma emission spectrophotometry, or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry necessitates the use of a digestion practice in order to ensure the proper statistical recovery of the metals from the sample matrix. The use of closed vessel microwave techniques will speed the complete recovery of metals from the water matrices and eliminate sample contamination from external sources.1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for quantitative sample digestion for total metals in water using closed vessel microwave heating technique. This practice is applicable to surface, saline, domestic, and industrial wastewater. 1.2 Because of the differences among various makes and models of satisfactory instruments, no detailed operating instructions can be provided. Instead, the analyst should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. 1.3 This practice can be used with the following ASTM standards, providing the user determines precision and bias based on this digestion practice: Test Methods D857, Test Methods D858, Test Methods D1068, Test Method D1976, Test Methods D1687, Test Methods D1688, Test Methods D1691, Test Methods D1886, Practices D3370, Test Methods D3557, Test Methods D3559, Practice D3919, Test Methods D4190, Practice D4453, Practice D4691, and Test Method D5673. 1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals in Water

ASTM D512-12 测定水中氯离子含量的标准试验方法

Chloride ion is under regulation in waste water, and must, therefore, be measured accurately. It is highly detrimental to high-pressure boiler systems and to stainless steel, so monitoring is essential for prevention of damage. Chloride analysis is widely used as a tool for estimating the cycles of concentration, such as in cooling tower applications. Processing waters and pickling solutions used in the food processing industries also require dependable methods of analysis for chloride.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of chloride ion in water, wastewater (Test Method C only), and brines. The following three test methods are included: Sections Test Method A (Mercurimetric Titration)7 to14 Test Method B (Silver Nitrate Titration)15 to 21 Test Method C (Ion-Selective Electrode Method)22 to 29 1.2 Test Methods A, B, and C were validated under Practice D2777 – 77, and only Test Method B conforms also to Practice D2777 – 86. Refer to Sections 14, 21, and 29 for further information. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 26.1.1. 1.5 A former colorimetric test method was discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water

ASTM D6581-12 用抑制型离子色谱法测定饮用水中溴酸盐, 亚溴酸盐, 氯酸盐和亚氯酸盐的标准试验方法

The oxyhalides chlorite, chlorate, and bromate are inorganic disinfection by-products (DBPs) of considerable health risk concern worldwide. The occurrence of chlorite and chlorate is associated with the use of chlorine dioxide, as well as hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water disinfection. The occurrence of bromate is associated with the use of ozone for disinfection, wherein naturally occurring bromide is oxidized to bromate. Bromide is a naturally occurring precursor to the formation of bromate.1.1 This multi-test method covers the determination of the oxyhalideschlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatography. The ranges tested using this method for each analyte were as follows: RangeSections Test Method A: Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography8 to 19 Chlorite5 to 500 µg/L Bromate1 to 25 µg/L Bromide5 to 250 µg/L Chlorate5 to 500 µg/L Test Method B: Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography20 to 30 Chlorite20 to 1000 µg/L Bromate1 to 30 µg/L Bromide20 to 200 µg/L Chlorate20 to 1000 µg/L 1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using this method. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of this test method. 1.2 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 This test method is technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1 , titled “The Determination of Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography”. 1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and he......

Standard Test Methods for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography

ASTM D1126-12 水硬度的标准试验方法

Hardness salts in water, notably calcium and magnesium, are the primary cause of tube and pipe scaling, which frequently causes failures and loss of process efficiency due to clogging or loss of heat transfer, or both. Hardness is caused by any polyvalent cations, but those other than Ca and Mg are seldom present in more than trace amounts. The term hardness was originally applied to water in which it was hard to wash; it referred to the soap-wasting properties of water. With most normal alkaline water, these soap-wasting properties are directly related to the calcium and magnesium content.1.1 This test method covers the determination of hardness in water by titration. This test method is applicable to waters that are clear in appearance and free of chemicals that will complex calcium or magnesium. The lower detection limit of this test method is approximately 2 to 5 mg/L as CaCO3; the upper limit can be extended to all concentrations by sample dilution. It is possible to differentiate between hardness due to calcium ions and that due to magnesium ions by this test method. 1.2 This test method was tested on reagent water only. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water

ASTM D2777-12 D19水委员会对水的应用试验方法的精确性及偏差测定的标准实施规程

Following this practice should result in precision-and-bias statements that can be achieved by any laboratory properly using the test method studied. These precision-and-bias statements provide the basis for generic limits for use in the Quality Control section of the test method. Optionally, the detection and quantitation values provide estimates of the level at which most laboratories should be able to achieve confident detection and meet the minimum precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) expected. The method specifies the matrices for which the test method is appropriate. The collaborative test corroborates the write-up within the limitations of the test design. An extensive test can only use representative matrices so that universal applicability cannot be implied from the results. The fundamental assumption of the collaborative study is that the matrices tested, the concentrations tested, and the participating laboratories are a representative and fair evaluation of the scope and applicability of the test method as written.1.1 This practice establishes uniform standards for estimating and expressing the precision and bias of applicable test methods for Committee D19 on Water. In principle, all test methods are covered by this practice. 1.2 Except as specified in 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6, this practice requires the task group proposing a new test method to carry out a collaborative study from which statements for precision (overall and single-operator standard-deviation estimates) and bias can be developed. This practice provides general guidance to task groups in planning and conducting such determinations of precision and bias. 1.3 This practice also provides guidance to task groups for conducting limited-scale collaborative studies (known as “comparability studies”) for test methods that have been revised, when such revision includes substantive modifications. Examples of substantive modifications may include, but are not limited to, changes in mandatory or allowable instrumentation, reagents, reaction times, etc. 1.3.1 Changes to applicable water matrices in the Scope of a method may constitute a substantive modification under this provision. However, recognize that even the original collaborative study may not have used all the various matrix types specified in the method’s original Scope. 1.3.2 A method's concentration-range extension that is deemed to merit additional collaborative testing (even without a method modification that would otherwise be considered substantive) shall require a full collaborative study, as described in Sections 7.1-7.5, but only at Youden-pair concentrations representative of the extended range. Note that such a collaborative study could involve as little as a single-sample Youden-pair study in a single reproducible matrix. 1.3.3 Whether a revision to a test method includes substantive modification shall be determined by consensus of the Committee. 1.4 If a full-scale collaborative study is not technically feasible, due to the nature of the test method or instability of samples, the largest feasible scaled-down collaborative study shall be conducted to provide the best possible limited basis for estimating the overall and single-operator standard deviations. 1.4.1 Examples of acceptable scaled-down studies are the local-area studies conducted by Subcommittee D19.24 on microbiological methods because of inherent sample instability. These studies involve six or more completely independent local-area analysts who can begin analysis of uniform samples at an agreed upon time. 1.4.2 If uniform samples are not feasible under any circumstances, a statement of single-operator precision will ......

Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water

ASTM D4382-12 用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法对水中钡的标准试验方法

5.1 Barium ranks about sixth in order of abundance in nature; however, it is normally found in only trace quantities in drinking water. Consumption, inhalation, or absorption of 500 to 600 mg is considered fatal to human beings. Lower levels may result in disorders of the heart, blood vessels, and nerves. The drinking water standards set the maximum contaminant level for barium as 2 mg/L3 Lower levels may result in disorders of the heart, blood vessels, and nerves. The drinking water standards set the maximum contaminant level for barium as 2 mg/L. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable barium in most waters and wastewaters. 1.2 This test method was evaluated in the range from 33.5 to 132 μg/L of barium. The range can be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings. High concentrations may be diluted but preferably should be analyzed by direct aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1.3 This test method has been used successfully with waste treatment plant effluent water, lake water, filtered tap water, and well water. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the suitability of the test method for other matrices. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace